In this section of Attar's Asrar Nameh, an allegory is presented of a villager who mistakenly believes ordinary cow dung placed in water is equivalent to precious ambergris. When he tries to sell it to an expert ambergris seller, he is mocked. Attar uses this parable to criticize those who perform acts of worship, such as night prayers, only to boast about them the next day, comparing their ostentatious devotion to the villager's worthless offering.