Concept

The Beloved's Absolute Independence from the Lover's Attachments in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 30, Poem 21)

In Poem 21 of Chapter 30 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet explores the profound asymmetry in the relationship between the lover and the divine Beloved. While the lover remains bound by human constructs and attachments—such as metaphorical veils, emotional states of peace and reproach, and keeping spiritual 'accounts' (حساب)—the Beloved is entirely free and detached from them all. This highlights the concept of absolute divine independence (Istighna) in Sufi literature, emphasizing that the Beloved's nature transcends the lover's illusions of reciprocity or transactional devotion.

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Updated 2026-07-05

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course