Concept

The Bewildered Heart and Reversed Fortune in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 28, Poem 2)

In Chapter 28, Poem 2 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet expresses the profound despair and confusion of the human heart, which is vividly described as a 'bewildered heart' (دل سرگشته) and a mere 'drop of blood beneath a hundred sorrows' (قطرهٔ خون که زیر صد اندوه است). The verses question how an individual can endure or respond to a state of 'reversed fortune' (دولت برگشته), emphasizing the vulnerability, fragility, and immense suffering inherent in worldly or spiritual trials.

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Updated 2026-07-05

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course