The nervous system's capacity to change and adapt is known as neuroplasticity. This adaptation can be triggered by various factors, such as personal experiences, normal developmental stages, or in response to damage or injury. The underlying mechanisms of neuroplasticity include the formation of new synapses, the elimination of unused ones, modifications in glial cells, and even the generation of new neurons. While the brain's plasticity is at its peak during early life, it retains a significant capacity for change and reorganization throughout adulthood.

Neuroplasticity

A patient involved in a serious fall is conscious and alert. They can answer questions, track movement with their eyes, and feel a light touch on their cheeks. However, they are unable to move their legs and report no feeling below their waist. Based on this set of symptoms, which major component of the central nervous system is most likely damaged, and what is the reasoning for this conclusion?

Nervous System Injury Assessment

The spinal cord can be conceptualized as an extension of the brain. It serves as the primary pathway for communication, enabling the brain to influence and interact with the rest of the body and the external environment.

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Biopsychology involves the study of:
* Human Genetics
* Cells of the Nervous System
* Parts of the Nervous System
* The Brain and Spinal Cord
* The Endocrine System

Areas of Biopsychological Study

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

The expanded, front section of the central nervous system located within the skull. It is an incredibly intricate organ made up of billions of interconnected neurons and glial cells. The brain is a bilateral structure, meaning it has two sides, and can be divided into distinct lobes. Each lobe is linked to specific functions, but all parts of the brain work together to underpin our thoughts and behaviors.

Brain

Functioning as the vital link between the brain and the external world, the spinal cord acts as an intelligent relay station. It is responsible for routing messages between the brain and the body through all of its segments, and it also independently manages a system of automatic processes known as reflexes.

Spinal Cord

The endocrine system is a network of glands responsible for secreting hormones that regulate normal bodily functions.

Endocrine System

Psychologists who aim to study the human mind require a basic understanding of the two primary subdivisions of the nervous system:
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 

Parts of the Nervous System

The Brain and the Spinal Cord

Psychologists study genetics to better understand the biological foundations of behavior. Although humans share common biological mechanisms and structures, such as brains, hormones, and genetic codes, these elements are expressed in a vast diversity of individual behaviors, thoughts, and reactions. This field explores how inherited traits contribute to this uniqueness and influence both physiological and psychological characteristics.

Human Genetics

The nervous system is comprised of two primary cell types: neurons and glial cells. Neurons act as the main information processors, and the communication between them is essential for all nervous system functions. Glial cells, or glia, primarily serve in supporting roles for the neurons.

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