Concept

The Concealed Essence and the Limitation of Human Effort in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 8, Poem 32)

In Chapter 8, Poem 32 of the Mokhtar Nameh, Attar describes the divine truth as a concealed essence that is difficult to attain. He emphasizes that the spiritual path cannot be completed through conventional human striving or self-reliance, represented by feet, and instead requires selflessness and the relinquishing of the ego.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course