Concept

The Concept of Tawfiq (Divine Enabling Grace) in Kashf al-Mahjub

In this section of Hujwiri's Kashf al-Mahjub, tawfiq (توفیق) denotes divine enabling grace: the doctrine that a servant has no helper (nasir) but God, who alone grants success in good works and increases the servant's strength beyond what it was before. Hujwiri defines the reality of tawfiq as the concordance of God's support with the servant's own act in performing correct deeds, grounded in Quran and Sunna and affirmed by consensus. He records the Sufi masters' formula that al-tawfiq huwa al-qudra 'ala al-ta'a 'inda al-isti'mal — the power for obedience granted at the very moment it is exercised — so that as the servant obeys, added strength descends. He defends this against the Mu'tazila and Qadariyya, who empty the term of all meaning.

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Updated 2026-07-20

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Persian Literature Prerequisite Course