Concept

The Debate on the Precedence of Poverty (Faqr) versus Purity (Safwa) in Hujwiri's Kashf al-Mahjub

In this section of the Kashf al-Mahjub, Hujwiri records the disagreement among the masters of the Sufi path over whether spiritual poverty (faqr) or purity (safwa) is the more complete station. One group ranks faqr above safwa, arguing that faqr is the annihilation of all (fana al-kull) and the severing of the inner secrets, while safwa is merely one station among the many stations of the path; once annihilation is attained, all such stations are rendered insignificant. Hujwiri observes that this line of argument reduces to the earlier debate on poverty (faqr) versus self-sufficient wealth (ghina). The opposing group ranks safwa above faqr, arguing that faqr is an existent thing that admits of a name, whereas safwa is purity from all existents; purity is the very essence of annihilation (fana), while faqr is the very essence of self-sufficiency (ghina). On this view, faqr belongs to the names of the stations (maqamat) and safwa belongs to the names of perfection (kamal).

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Updated 2026-07-20

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