Concept

The Debate on the Superiority of Poverty (Faqr) versus Self-Sufficient Wealth (Ghina) in Hujwiri's Kashf al-Mahjub

In this section of the Kashf al-Mahjub, Hujwiri records the disagreement among Sufi masters over whether poverty (faqr) or self-sufficient wealth (ghina) is the more excellent human station in the attributes of created beings. One group — including Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi, Ahmad ibn Abi'l-Hawari, Harith al-Muhasibi, Abu'l-Abbas Ata, Ruwaym, Abu'l-Hasan ibn Sam'un, and among the later masters Abu Sa'id ibn Abi'l-Khayr al-Mayhani — held that ghina is superior to faqr. Their reasoning is that ghina is a genuine attribute of God (al-Ghani) whereas faqr cannot be predicated of Him; therefore, in the path of divine love, an attribute shared between the servant and God is nobler than an attribute that cannot belong to the Divine. Hujwiri then takes up and qualifies this argument from shared attribution (sharikat), preparing the ground for his own assessment of the relative ranks of faqr and ghina. The concept distills a foundational doctrinal dispute in Sufi ethics that recurs across Pers...

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Updated 2026-07-20

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Persian Literature Prerequisite Course