Concept

The Definitions of the Sufi and Tasawwuf by Dhu al-Nun and Junayd in Kashf al-Mahjub

In this section of Kashf al-Mahjub, Hujwiri gathers two authoritative early definitions of Sufism. Dhu al-Nun al-Misri defines the Sufi through the unity of speech and state: when the Sufi speaks, his words disclose spiritual realities (haqaiq), and when he is silent, his conduct expresses the severance of worldly attachments (qat al-alaiq) — so his words are all truth and his deeds all pure detachment. Junayd defines tasawwuf as an attribute (nat) in which the servant is established, being an attribute of the Truth (Haqq) in reality and an attribute of the servant in outward form (rasm). Together these framings present Sufism as the correspondence between inner reality and outer expression, a foundational reference point for later Persian literary portrayals of the true versus the false Sufi.

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Updated 2026-07-20

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course