Concept

The Dichotomy of Fire and Water in the Lover's Suffering in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 26, Poem 41)

In Chapter 26, Poem 41 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the speaker reduces his worldly possessions to merely an eye and a heart, each enduring a different elemental torment. The heart is described as being "upon the fire," symbolizing the burning passion and internal agony of love, while the eye is "upon the water," representing the endless flow of tears. This juxtaposition of fire and water highlights the duality and totality of the lover's suffering, encompassing both the internal soul and the physical senses.

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Updated 2026-07-05

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course