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The Fall from Unity to Duality and the Pain of Separation in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Poem 74)
In Poem 74 of Mokhtar Nameh, Attar explores the profound spiritual sorrow of transitioning from a state of primordial divine unity to earthly duality. The speaker reflects on a prior state of 'sovereignty' and 'nearness' (qurb) where they were one with the divine. This blissful state is disrupted by the fall into worldly existence, characterized as 'duality' and 'beggary,' which results in the agonizing pain of separation. This poem illustrates the core Sufi concept of the soul's descent into the material world and its subsequent immense longing to return to its original, unified state.
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Updated 2026-07-05
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course