Concept

The Fluctuation of Hope and Fear in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 31, Poem 76)

In Poem 76 from Chapter 31 of Mokhtar Nameh, Attar describes the relentless emotional and spiritual turbulence of the lover's journey. Having renounced worldly attachments to dedicate their life entirely to the Divine, the seeker is caught in a continuous cycle of spiritual life and death. This volatility is driven by the intense oscillation between the hope of divine union (visal) and the agonizing fear of separation (hejran).

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Updated 2026-07-05

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course