Concept

The Fluctuation of Spiritual States and Fear of Divine Self-Sufficiency in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 27, Poem 21)

In Chapter 27, Poem 21 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the speaker articulates the drastic extremes of their spiritual condition—feeling either superior to the sun in perfection or as deficient as an eternal speck of dust. When confronted with the reality of divine self-sufficiency (istighna), this oscillation gives way to the profound fear that their hope might be entirely severed, underscoring the absolute independence of the Divine and the vulnerability of the spiritual seeker.

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Updated 2026-07-05

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course