Concept

The Futility of Outward Seeking and the Increase of Bewilderment in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 9, Poem 4)

In this poem from the Mokhtar Nameh, Attar warns the spiritual wayfarer against outward, physical journeying within the 'veil' of the material world. He explains that seeking truth externally only scatters dust on the traveler's head and increases their bewilderment (hayrani). The poem advocates for stillness and halting outward seeking in order to turn inward.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course