The Heaven as a Coiling Dragon of Inescapable Suffering in Jami's Yusuf and Zulaykha (Section 72)
In Section 72 of Yusuf and Zulaykha (Haft Awrang), Jami personifies the celestial sphere (فلک) as a writhing dragon that has coiled itself around all the people of the world. Trapped in its twists and coils, no one can escape its breath: it wounds one person and casts poison upon another, and out of a hundred it shows mercy to scarcely one. Its every seemingly bright star is really a brand (داغ) pressed onto the noble heart, and although it inflicts thousands of such wounds it offers no salve (مرهم) and feels no grief. The poem develops the classic Persian motif of complaint against fate (شکایت از فلک): cosmic cruelty is universal, indiscriminate, and inescapable, striking the disabled and the fallen who can neither fight back nor flee.
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course