Concept

The Impossibility of Happiness with the Inner Dogs in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 12, Poem 15)

In Chapter 12, Poem 15 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet expresses the impossibility of finding inner peace and joy while harboring the carnal ego (nafs). The speaker describes being constantly troubled by the "dog of the carnal self" (sag-e nafs) and the fiery heat of anger. When advised to "be happy," the poet questions how such contentment can be achieved with "all these dogs inside." This metaphor underscores the Sufi belief that true spiritual joy is unattainable until the unruly, baser instincts of the ego are subdued.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course