Concept

The Metaphor of the Candle and Tears of Bewilderment in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 47, Poem 5)

In Poem 5 of Chapter 47 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet employs the metaphor of a burning candle to symbolize the lover's profound suffering and bewilderment. The imagery of shedding 'a thousand tears of bewilderment' (هزار اشک سرگردانی), much like a candle shedding melting wax, illustrates the painful yet inevitable consequence of mystical love. Furthermore, the motif of rotation or circulation—seen in the boiling blood circling the vision and the tears revolving around the head—highlights an inescapable, dizzying state of devotion and continuous inner turmoil.

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Updated 2026-07-06

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course