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The Metaphor of the Candle as an Agitated and Headless Lover in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 47, Poem 86)
In Poem 86 of Chapter 47 of the Mokhtar Nameh, Attar utilizes the candle as a powerful metaphor for the mystical lover who experiences extreme agitation and spiritual intoxication.
Key Themes:
- Intoxication and Spiritual Burning: The poet describes the candle as an intoxicated one with a roasted heart, representing the intense, burning pain of divine love that consumes the lover's inner being.
- Extreme Agitation: The candle's flickering light and melting wax symbolize the restless and unsettled state of the lover in the path of love.
- Headlessness and Ego Loss: The physical burning down of the candle, which leads to losing its top, serves as a metaphor for being 'headless' (completely losing one's head or intellect). In Sufism, this represents the annihilation of the ego (fana) and complete selflessness, where the lover is entirely consumed by the divine fire.
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Updated 2026-07-08
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course