Concept

The Metaphor of the Cosmic Fish and Oceans of Fire and Light in Manteq al-Tayr

In this tale from Attar's Manteq al-Tayr, the spiritual journey to Divine Union (وصال) is depicted through the arduous traversal of 'oceans of fire and light.' These oceans represent the profound trials and purifying stages the seeker must endure. The journey culminates in an encounter with a massive, limitless cosmic fish (حوت) that swallows both worlds in a single breath. This fish serves as a powerful metaphor for the overwhelming, infinite nature of God. Being swallowed by it illustrates the Sufi concept of 'fana' (annihilation), where the individual ego and the material world are entirely consumed by and dissolved into the Divine Reality.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Persian Literature Prerequisite Course