This concept explores Attar's use of the 'chain' (zanjir) and 'ring' (halqa) metaphors to describe the relationship between existence and non-existence. The transition from the 'unhappy' state of ego-consciousness to the realization of one's 'foundation' involves recognizing that the individual self is part of an intertwined ontological structure. The 'ring of non-existence' suggests a boundary or context in which the 'chain of existence' is contained, implying that what we perceive as reality is a series of linked, dependent manifestations rather than independent entities.