Concept

The Metaphor of the Shadow Play and the Illusion of Agency in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 7, Poem 39)

In Chapter 7, Poem 39 of the Mokhtar Nameh, Attar uses the metaphor of a shadow play (khayal-bazi) to illustrate the illusion of individual actions and agency. The poet expresses a state of detachment where neither pride in exaltation nor shame in trickery holds meaning. By looking deeply into the core of the matter, the speaker realizes that the dualities of worldly success and failure are merely part of an illusory cosmic puppet show, emphasizing the mystical understanding of the world's impermanence and the lack of independent human existence.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course