Concept

The Metaphor of Vertical Flame and Solitary Devotion in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 47, Poem 112)

In Poem 112 of Chapter 47 in the Mokhtar Nameh, Attar of Nishapur utilizes the candle metaphor to illustrate focused, vertical spiritual aspiration and solitary devotion. The candle is depicted as a solitary steeped entity enduring nocturnal burning, representing the mystic's isolation in their love. By contrasting the vertical rising of the flame with a broad, horizontal spread, Attar emphasizes that spiritual fire must ascend upwards toward the Divine rather than dissipating or spreading destructively across the material plane.

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Updated 2026-07-08

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course