Concept

The Metaphors of the Candle and the Moth in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 47, Poem 21)

This concept analyzes Chapter 47, Poem 21 of Attar of Nishapur's Mokhtar Nameh, focusing on the classical Sufi metaphors of the candle (shama) and the moth (parvaneh). In this poem, the lover's heart is compared to a moth falling at the beloved's feet, and their life or devotion is likened to a candle burning to its end. These symbols represent the ultimate stage of spiritual love (ishq), where the lover seeks complete annihilation (fana) and absolute detachment from both worlds to achieve union with the divine beloved.

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Updated 2026-07-06

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course