Concept

The Metaphors of the Celestial Parrot and Golrokh's Confinement in Section 56 of the Khosrow Nameh

In Section 56 of the Khosrow Nameh, Farid al-Din Attar utilizes powerful allegorical metaphors to convey Sufi teachings of soul-transcendence:

  • The Celestial Parrot (Tuti-ye Tuba-Neshin): Attar invokes the heavenly parrot, representing the divine soul or the poet's spiritual intellect, urging it to transcend physical confinement and speak of sublime truths.
  • The Deception of Fragments (Zarreh): The poet warns that focusing on isolated worldly details or individual particles leads to self-deception (ghul). Since the entire cosmos is interconnected and reflects the self, the seeker must bypass external fragments to find the ultimate whole (the rose, Gol).
  • Confinement in the Chest (Sandoq): Golrokh's ten-day confinement in a chest floating on the sea symbolizes the imprisonment of the spiritual soul within the material body, subject to the turbulent trials of earthly existence that toss it between the lowest depths and the highest heavens.

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Updated 2026-07-03

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Persian Literature Prerequisite Course