Concept

The Mirror and Puppet Metaphors in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 4, Poem 70)

In Chapter 4, Poem 70 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet utilizes the metaphors of the veil (پرده), the puppet (لعبت), and the mirror (آینه) to illustrate the illusory nature of independent human existence. Behind the 'veil' of phenomenal reality, humans are likened to 'idle puppets,' suggesting a lack of true independent agency, as the Divine is the sole active force. Furthermore, the world is portrayed as a mirror. Humanity's fundamental error is looking into this universal mirror and perceiving an independent 'self' (You), rather than recognizing that all existence is merely a reflection of the Divine Reality.

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Updated 2026-07-03

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course