Concept

The Mole as the Cosmic Eye of Eternity in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 37, Poem 21)

In Poem 21 of Chapter 37 in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the mole (خال - khal) on the Beloved's face is metaphorically elevated to the 'pupil of the eye of beauty' (مردمک دیده). In Sufi symbolism, the mole typically represents the indivisible point of divine unity and the focal center of ultimate reality. By describing this dark point as a cosmic pupil through which both eternity and the entirety of the universe can be witnessed, Attar illustrates how singular, concentrated divine essence perfectly reflects and encompasses all of creation.

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Updated 2026-07-06

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course