Concept

The Ontological Truth and Deterrent Function of Divine Attributes in the Masnavi

In Book 4 of Jalaluddin Rumi's Masnavi, the poet explores the ontological reality and specific moral purpose behind God revealing Himself through attributes such as Baṣīr (Seeing), Samīʿ (Hearing), and ʿAlīm (Knowing). Rumi asserts that these are not mere titular labels or ironic worldly names—such as ironically calling a blind person 'Light' or a black slave 'Camphor'. Instead, God's names are derived from His primordial, active attributes rather than flawed human analogies. Furthermore, Rumi explains that the revelation of these specific names serves a profound deterrent function for humanity. By internalizing that God is 'Seeing' and 'Hearing', individuals are warned against committing secret sins or uttering shameful words, maintaining an awareness that they are constantly observed and protected by an omniscient guardian.

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Updated 2026-05-08

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