Concept

The Paradox of the Candle's Laughing, Weeping, and Burning in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 47, Poem 30)

In Chapter 47, Poem 30 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet employs the classic Persian literary trope of the candle to represent the mystic's spiritual state. The candle simultaneously 'weeps' (as the melting wax drips), 'burns' (with the flame of love), and 'laughs' (referring to the bright, flickering light of the flame). This paradox illustrates the coexistence of intense suffering, joy, and devotion. Furthermore, the speaker identifies their spiritual life with the night-long burning, welcoming the dawn ('O morning, breathe!') because they have successfully fulfilled their purpose of staying spiritually 'alive' and illuminated until daybreak.

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Updated 2026-07-06

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course