Concept

The Perplexity and Total Loss of Self in Love in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 41, Poem 32)

This concept explores the theme of utter bewilderment and the total loss of the lover's faculties in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 41, Poem 32). The speaker questions what to do with a 'blood-filled heart' after having 'fallen outside the veil'—a metaphor for being completely exposed, disgraced in the eyes of the world, or having lost all egoic defenses. Even the final hope of drawing a single breath in communion with the Beloved is thwarted because the heart itself has departed and the breath has ceased. This signifies the complete annihilation (Fana) of the lover's self, leaving them in a state of absolute perplexity and helplessness in the face of divine love.

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Updated 2026-07-06

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course