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The Persistence of the Foul Ego in Old Age in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 12, Poem 13)
In Chapter 12, Poem 13 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet reflects on the relentless and predatory nature of the lower self (nafs). Despite reaching old age, symbolized by his hair turning white as milk, the threats of the ego do not subside. The poet metaphorically describes 'a hundred lions and leopards in ambush' at the root of every white hair, illustrating how carnal desires persistently companion the heart and pose spiritual dangers throughout one's life, leaving no room for true devotion.
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Updated 2026-07-04
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course