keyword from each sentence was bolded (might be more attention drawing than italics)

• Predicted that pretesting would be better than more time study even with bolded words
• 64 undergraduates who were given extra credit
• The test and study materials were the same as experiments 1 and 2 except that in the testable sentences, there were bolded words instead of italicized words
• The bolded words served as the answers to fill in the blank and multiple choice questions
• Same procedure as experiments 1 and 2-no specific instructions were given about the bolded text
• In the pre-test, participants answered 21% of the questions correctly-they removed two questions from further analysis so after the removal, the average performance level was about 11%
• In the pre-test condition, the bolded items were answered correctly on the final test significantly more than in the extended time condition with bolded items-M=82% & SE-3.8 vs. M=64% & SE=4.0
• On the final test, there was not a significant difference between the bolded items that were previously tested and the bolded items that were not previously tested