Concept

The Rebellious Laughter of Ignorance and the Mournful Extinction of the Candle in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 47, Poem 91)

In Chapter 47, Poem 91 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet explores the tragic irony of the candle's existence as a metaphor for the mystic or the heedless soul. The candle's bright flame is characterized as a 'rebellious' and 'ignorant' laughter within the destructive fire—unaware of its impending doom. This initial joy is short-lived, transitioning into a night of ceaseless weeping (the melting wax) in sorrow for the approaching morning. The ultimate paradox is realized at dawn: as the candle is extinguished, the pleasant morning 'laughs' (shines brightly), mocking or celebrating the candle's complete self-consumption and demise.

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Updated 2026-07-08

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course