Concept

The Rejection of Incarnation (Hulul) in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 31, Poem 18)

In Chapter 31, Poem 18 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet strongly rejects the concept of incarnation (hulul). The poem argues that as long as a person remains bound by physical needs ('sometimes sleeping and sometimes eating') and the illusion of an independent self, they cannot be equated with the Divine. Asserting one's own existence alongside God while claiming union or incarnation is condemned as blasphemy and insolence, emphasizing the absolute transcendence of the Divine over human limitations.

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Updated 2026-07-05

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course