Essay

The Ripple Effect of a Single Loan

A commercial bank (Bank X) issues a new loan to a customer. The customer immediately uses the full amount to pay a supplier who has an account at a different commercial bank (Bank Y). Describe the step-by-step changes that occur on the balance sheets of Bank X and Bank Y as this transaction is settled. Conclude by explaining why this inter-bank transaction results in a net expansion of the aggregate money supply.

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Updated 2025-09-14

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