Concept

The Ruler's Need for Truthful Informants to Expose Concealed Injustice in Jami's Baharestan

In Section 6 of Jami's Baharestan, the prose asserts that a just king must keep honest and truthful informants (منهیان) whose task is to convey the real conditions of the subjects and of appointed officials directly to the ruler. Jami illustrates this with Ardashir, whose apparent omniscience about people's private conduct led them to believe an angel informed him, and cites Mahmud of Ghazna as a similar exemplar. The accompanying verses warn that when a king is ignorant of the state of his forces, officials feel no restraint: they invent countless pretexts for oppression and cloak their transgressions in excuses. The concept thus frames independent, truthful intelligence as a structural safeguard against hidden injustice in governance.

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Updated 2026-07-20

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course