Concept

The Severe Spiritual Consequences of Unlawful Wealth: The Tale of Jesus and Hayyan bin Ma'bad

In Attar's Elahi Nameh, the tale of Jesus and the resurrected old man, Hayyan bin Ma'bad, teaches the severe spiritual and afterlife consequences of retaining even the smallest amount of unlawful wealth (harām). Although he passed away as a believer, Hayyan bin Ma'bad endures continuous torment in his grave for 1,800 years solely because of a single 'dang' (a minor fraction of a coin) belonging to an orphan that was wrongfully in his possession. Attar uses this narrative to warn seekers that if such an infinitesimal portion of unlawful property yields centuries of agony, the perpetual spiritual punishment for those whose entire livelihood is built on unlawful gains (haqq al-nas) is unimaginably worse.

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Updated 2026-07-03

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course