In Chapter 10, Poem 6 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet addresses the soul (روح), lamenting its descent into the material world, which is depicted as a 'world of exile' (عالم غربت). Originally the 'Sultan of the holy world,' the soul has lost its lofty spiritual rank. The poem highlights the tragic contrast between the soul's divine origin and its current fallen state, trapped in the corrupting company of the 'sinister self' or ego (نفس شوم). This reflects the core Sufi theme of the tension between the pure, divine spirit and the base, earthly ego.