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The Striving Torrent and Ultimate Silence (Fana) in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Poem 45)
In Poem 45 of Chapter 4 in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the metaphor of a forceful, noisy torrent illustrates the spiritual seeker's intense striving and restless energy on the path. When this torrent finally reaches the sea (representing the Divine Ocean), its turbulent struggle and sound completely cease. This imagery vividly represents the Sufi concept of fana (annihilation), where the individual ego and its active striving dissolve into ultimate silence and absolute stillness upon uniting with the Divine.
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Updated 2026-07-03
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course