Concept

The Supremacy of the Spiritual Realm over the Celestial Cosmos in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 10, Poem 31)

In Chapter 10, Poem 31 of Attar's Mokhtar Nameh, the poet emphasizes the absolute majesty of the 'realm of the soul' (عالم جان) compared to the physical universe. Attar employs striking contrast to diminish the grandeur of the cosmos: the sun and moon are depicted as mere faint traces of the soul's radiance, and the majestic 'peacock of the heavens' is reduced to the insignificance of a fly at the feast of the holy ones. This poem illustrates the core Sufi perspective that the spiritual world infinitely eclipses the material and astral realms in both beauty and significance.

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Updated 2026-07-04

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course