In Book Four of the Masnavi (Section 111), Rumi presents a teleological defense of Divine Creation to counter the Dahri (materialist) denial of divinity. Rumi argues that the physical universe is not uncreated or purposeless; rather, there is a fundamental distinction between outward form (surat) and inward, hidden purpose (ma'na). He utilizes everyday allegories to illustrate this: a painter creates a painting to evoke memories and delight guests, a potter fashions a jar to hold water, a calligrapher writes to convey a message, and a chess player makes a move for its future consequence. Through these metaphors, Rumi establishes that the physical cosmos is a manifest form designed for a deeper, spiritual utility that is invisible to material senses.