The Theme of Changing Spiritual States in The Tale of Shibli and the Questioner
In Attar's The Tale of Shibli and the Questioner, the mystic Shibli provides two contradictory definitions of a gnostic (Aref) on different occasions. Initially, he describes a gnostic as possessing immense spiritual power, capable of lifting both worlds with a single eyelash. Later, he describes the gnostic as profoundly weak and unable to endure the world for even a moment. When challenged about this contradiction, Shibli explains that his spiritual state (hal) had changed: during his first answer, his ego was absent ('I was not I'), whereas during the second, he was intensely self-aware and consumed by love. The anecdote illustrates a core Sufi concept that mystical definitions and utterances are not rigid, objective doctrines, but are dynamically shaped by the mystic's immediate inner state and experience of the Divine.
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Humanities
Literature
Persian Literature Prerequisite Course