Concept

The Wordplay of Khatt (Line/Down) and Varaq (Petal/Page) in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh

In Chapter 37, Poem 3 of Mokhtar Nameh, Attar employs sophisticated wordplay (īhām) centered around the terms 'khatt' (خط) and 'varaq' (ورق). On a physical level, 'khatt' refers to the soft down appearing on the beloved's cheek, which covers the 'varaq-e gol' (rose petal, a metaphor for the smooth cheek). On a literary level, 'khatt' means script or a line of writing, and 'varaq' means a page or leaf of a book. The appearance of the down signifies a new phase in the beloved's beauty, prompting the lover to declare they will 'turn the page' in the book of their love or grief.

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Updated 2026-07-06

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course