1. Teleological Mode
2. Pretend Mode
3. Psychic Equivalence

Subtypes of Prementalistic Modes in BPD 

Hypermentalizing/hypermentalization refers to the social-cognitive process of excessively inferring the mental states of others when there is insufficient concrete real-world evidence to support these inferences.

Hypermentalizing/hypermentalization

Mentalization-based therapy theorizes that the BPD symptoms arise from rapid and frequent shifts from mentalistic to altered modes of mentalizing in functioning and perceiving the world, especially in interpersonal contexts. 

New York University

MBT aims to enhance patients' social cognition by fostering the ability to comprehend and interpret their own and others' mental states in a systematic and logical manner.

Mentalization-based Treatment (MBT) for BPD

Fonagy, P., & Bateman, A. W. (2006). Mechanisms of change in mentalization‐based treatment of BPD. Journal of clinical psychology, 62(4), 411-430.

Mechanisms of Change in MBT of BPD (Fonagy & Bateman, 2006)

Sharp, C., & Vanwoerden, S. (2015). Hypermentalizing in borderline personality disorder: A model and data. Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy, 14(1), 33-45.

Hypermentalizing in BPD (Sharp & Vanwoerden, 2015)

1. Case formulation
2. Psychoeducation (MBT-I)
3. Weekly group therapy (MBT-G)
4. Biweekly individual therapy

4 Components of Short-term MBT

1. automatic vs. controlled (implicit vs. explicit)
2. internally based vs. externally based
3. self-oriented vs. other-oriented
4. cognitive processes vs. affective processes

4 Dimensions of Mentalization

Theoretical Framework in Understanding BPD Based on MBT 

1. Biological predisposition
2. Traumatic events
3. Dysfunctional attachment relationship
4. Atypical caregiving experiences

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