1. Case formulation
2. Psychoeducation (MBT-I)
3. Weekly group therapy (MBT-G)
4. Biweekly individual therapy

4 Components of Short-term MBT

1. automatic vs. controlled (implicit vs. explicit)
2. internally based vs. externally based
3. self-oriented vs. other-oriented
4. cognitive processes vs. affective processes

4 Dimensions of Mentalization

Mentalization-based therapy theorizes that the BPD symptoms arise from rapid and frequent shifts from mentalistic to altered modes of mentalizing in functioning and perceiving the world, especially in interpersonal contexts. 

Theoretical Framework in Understanding BPD Based on MBT 

1. Biological predisposition
2. Traumatic events
3. Dysfunctional attachment relationship
4. Atypical caregiving experiences

Factors Influencing the Capacity of Balanced Mentalization 

MBT aims to enhance patients' social cognition by fostering the ability to comprehend and interpret their own and others' mental states in a systematic and logical manner.

New York University

1. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
2. Mentalization-based therapy (MBT)
3. Transference-focused therapy (TFP)
4. System training for emotional predictability and problem-solving (STEPPS)
5. Schema-focused therapy 
6. Standard cognitive therapy 
7. Good psychiatric management
8. Rogerian supportive therapy 

Evidence-based Treatments for BPD

Ability to represent the mental states of others and make inferences about their intentions and beliefs.

Mentalizing

Vogt, K. S., & Norman, P. (2019). Is mentalization‐based therapy effective in treating the symptoms of borderline personality disorder? A systematic review. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 92(4), 441-464.

MBT in Treating BPD

Schema-focused therapy identifies five major modes BPD patients frequently exhibit when reacting to the external world; this therapy aims to foster the growth and strength of one mode named 'healthy adult' to exert over the rest of the four less constructive modes. 

Schema-focused Therapy for BPD

TFP focuses on repairing patients' dysfunctional object-relations and helping them to integrate their fragmented identities to maintain the succinctness of their internal world despite the chaotic external world. 

Transference-focused Therapy (TFP) for BPD

Mentalization-based Treatment (MBT) for BPD

The STEEPS program aims to enhance BPD patients' ability to regulate their emotions by teaching them emotion regulation skills and empowering significant others (e.g., family member, caregiver) to support BPD patients.

System training for emotional predictability and problem-solving (STEPPS) for BPD

DBT facilitates one to practice self-acceptance and initiate self-change through obtaining relevant skills and cultivating dialectical thinking. 

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)  for BPD

Being able to take another person’s perspective during a conversation.

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