Concept

Tic Disorders as Differential Diagnoses to Stereotypic Movement Disorder

Typically, stereotypes have an earlier age at onset (before 3 years) than do tics, which have a mean age at onset of 4–6 years. They also are consistent and fixed in their pattern or topography compared with tics, which are variable in their presentation,typically changing in character over time. Stereotypies may involve arms, hands, or the entire body, while tics commonly involve eyes, face, head, and shoulders. Stereotypies are more fixed, rhythmic, and prolonged in duration than tics, which, generally, are brief, rapid, random, and fluctuating. Stereotypies are ego-syntonic (children enjoy them) as opposed to tics, which are usually ego-dystonic. Tics wax and wane in location and time and are uniquely associated with premonitory urge (a physical feeling that precedes many tic movements). Tics and stereotypic movements are both reduced by distraction.

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Updated 2023-04-30

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