Concept

Transcendence of Existence and Non-Existence in Attar's Mokhtar Nameh (Chapter 6, Poem 20)

In Chapter 6, Poem 20 of Mokhtar Nameh, Attar explores the spiritual liberation that arises from transcending the duality of existence (وجود) and non-existence (عدم). The poem suggests that while a seeker may temporarily dwell in both states, ultimate freedom is found beyond them. In this state of liberation, the individual self is annihilated and merges into the collective or divine 'We' (ما ما گشتیم), removing any remaining individual identity that could experience grief or separation.

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Updated 2026-07-03

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course