A constant direct current, also known as a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), is applied via a negatively charged and positively charged electrode on the human scalp. 

Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) Mechanism of Action

- transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
- transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)
- transcranial random noise stimulation (TRS)

Types of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (TES)

Applications of Transcranial Stimulation (TES) in Sports Psychology

A non-invasive brain stimulation technique which can either enable the activation or inhibition of desired brain activity.

Michigan State University

Treatment and Management Methods Used in Sports Psychology

Chang S. The Application of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Sports Psychology. Comput Math Methods Med. 2022 Jul 13;2022:1008346. doi: 10.1155/2022/1008346. PMID: 35872940; PMCID: PMC9300323.

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