Ti plasmids from *Agrobacterium tumefaciens* are often used as shuttle vectors for incorporating genes into plants. *Agrobacterium tumefaciens* can transfer their DNA to plant cells which results in tumors. Researchers can use this in labs to move DNA between eukaryotic cells as well.

University of Wisconsin - Madison

Shuttle vectors are plasmids that can be transfected between bacteria and eukaryotic cells. 

Shuttle Vectors 

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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