Participants directly teach the interviewer their workflow and processes.

Active Observation

Participants conduct themselves as if the interviewer is not there. The interviewer and participants do not interact during a passive observation.

Passive Observation

San Jose State University

Observation is the first step of the IDEO design process. This is an attempt to understand the users through things such as behavior, pain points, and other experiences. Designers should be open to all creative opportunities. 

Observation in IDEO

Unger, R., & Chandler, C. (2012). A project guide to UX design: For user experience designers in the field or in the making (2nd ed.). New Riders. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/1593419

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