General theories about the model of the real world.

Formal Ontological Model

Particular ontological models that are domain-specific such as medical ontology. 

Domain Ontological Model

A procedural model showing how tasks are carried out in a specific domain or field (eg. surgical procedures). 

Task Ontological Model

San Jose State University

A branch of philosophy that covers various theoretical models and organizations of reality

Ontology

Shanks, G., Tansley, E., & Weber, R. (2003). Using ontology to validate conceptual models. Communications of the ACM, 46(10), 85-89.

Using ontology to validate conceptual models

Various fields use ontology to inform certain models or frameworks. These disciplines include:
- Computer science
- Linguistics
- Psychology 



Interdisciplinary Uses of the Ontological Model

Types of Ontologies

To interpret and define a relationship, the following ontological constructs are used:

- thing
- property
- attribute
- functional schema, state, law
- interaction
- class and kind
- composition of things

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